Working calculators
Forge Size by ProjectRight forge size for the work you plan to do. Anvil Weight by Project TypeRight anvil weight for your work.Guides
Forge welding heat: sparkler vs sticky, and why mild steel welds easier than high-carbonReading the full color progression to welding temperature, what sticky heat actually feels like, why mild steel has a wider window than high-carbon, and how flux extends your working time.Plain note about money: Some links are affiliate (eBay Partner Network). Small commission, doesn't change your price.
Gear actually worth buying
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Propane forge (single burner)A single-burner propane forge reaches welding temps and fits a home shop. NC Tool and Hell's Forge are solid.
Anvil (100–150 lb cast steel)A 100–150lb anvil handles most bladesmithing and toolmaking work. Czech/Russian cast steel holds up better than cheaper cast iron.
Cross peen and rounding hammersA 2.5–3lb cross peen for drawing out and a rounding hammer for fuller work are the two you'll reach for constantly.
Tongs (bolt + v-bit)Tongs are the most-dropped tool in blacksmithing. Buy a bolt-jaw pair and a v-bit to start; make more as you learn.
Angle grinder + flap discsA 4.5" angle grinder with 40- and 80-grit flap discs handles stock removal and cleanup. Get two grinders if budget allows.